Ions, formulae & equations.
Simple ions.
Made from one element
- Group 1 form 1+ ions
- Group 2 form 2+ ions
- Group 3 form 3+ ions (apart from boron)
- Group 4 don’t usually form ions
- Group 5 form 3- ions (apart from Sb & Bi)
- Group 6 form 2- ions
- Group 7 form 1- ions
- Group 8 don’t form ions
- Transition metals and some other
‘heavy metals’ form more than one ion - The names of non-metal ions change
to end in “IDE “
MEMO.
METALS: LiP for lose is positive
NON-METALS: GiN for gain is negative
Polyatomic ions.
Has more than one element.
there is only one positive polyatomic ion that we encounter commonly
Ammonium ion NH4+
Later in the course you will encouter similar ions made from ‘amines’.
CH3NH3 +
is the methylammonium ion
(CH3)4N +
is the tetramethylammonium ion
other polyatomic ions
As you progress, you will encounter the following:
Phosphate ion PO4 3-
Chlorate(V) ClO3–
Chlorate(VII) ClO4–
Iodate(V) IO3 –
