| TIN | 50Sn |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Silver is a silvery-white metal.It is soft and pliable, and has a highly crystalline structure. |
| Discovery | Tin was known to ancient civilizations. |
| Electronic Configuration | simple: 2.8.18.18.4 ADVANCED: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5s2 5p2 or [Kr] 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p2 for short.10 22 |
| Isotopes | 112Sn 1.0%; 113Sn with a half-life 115 days; 114Sn 0.7%; 115Sn 0.4%; 116Sn 14.7%; 117Sn 7.7%; 118Sn 24.3%; 119Sn 8.6%; 120Sn 32.4%; 121Sn with a half-life of 27.5 hours; 122Sn 4.6% and 124Sn 5.6%. |
| Source | Tin is found mainly in the ore cassiterite. This is found in Malaya, Bolivia, Indonesia, Thailand and Nigeria.It is up to and commercially by reducing the poor with coal in a reverberatory furnace: a furnace in which the roof and walls are heated by flames, and radiate heat on to material in the centre of the furnace. |
| Common uses | Tenant has many uses. It takes a high polish and is used to code other metals to prevent corrosion. We see this with tin cans, which are made of tin coated steel. Followers of tenant are important. Tin is found in solder, pewter, bronze and phosphor-bronze. Tin(II) chloride is its most important salt, used as reducing agent. Tin salts sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings. Most window glass is made by floating molten glass on molten tin to produce a flat surface. |
| Test | - |
| Melting point in Kelvin | 505.1 |
| Boiling point in Kelvin | 2543 |
| Density in kg/m3 | 7310 at 293K |
| Oxidation States | +2 and +4 |
| Electron Affinity in kJmol-1 | 121 |
| IE1 in kJmol-1 | 708.6 |
| IE2 in kJmol-1 | 1411.8 |
| IE3 in kJmol-1 | 2943 |
| IE4 in kJmol-1 | 3930.2 |
| IE5 in kJmol-1 | 6974 |
| IE6 in kJmol-1 | 9900 |
| IE7 in kJmol-1 | 12200 |
| IE8 in kJmol-1 | 14600 |
| IE9 in kJmol-1 | 17000 |
| IE10 in kJmol-1 | 20600 |
| Enthalpy of Fusion in kJmol-1 | 7.2 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation in kJmol-1 | 296.2 |
| Average bond energy kJmol-1 | Sn-H 314; Sn-C 225; Sn(II)-O 557; Sn(IV)-F 322; Sn(IV)-Cl 315 and Sn-Sn 195. |
