| SILVER | 47Ag |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Silver has a brilliant white metallic lustre, with the characteristic sheen. |
| Discovery | Silver was known to ancient civilizations. Evidence indicates that man learnt to separate silver from lead as early as 3000 BC |
| Electronic Configuration | simple: 2.8.18.18.1 ADVANCED: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s1 or [Kr] 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s1 for short. |
| Isotopes | 107Ag 51.3%; 109Ag 48.17% and 111Ag with a half-life of 7.5 days. |
| Source | Silver occurs negative in ores such as argenite and horn silver. The principal sources are lead, lead-zinc, copper, gold and copper-nickel ores. Canada and the USA are the main silver producers in the Western Hemisphere. The metal is either recovered from the ore, or during the electrolytic refining of copper. |
| Common uses | Sterling silver contends 92.5% silver. The remainder is copper or some other metal. It is used in jewelry and silverware were its appearance is important. Silver nitrate is used in photography. Silver is used in dental alloys, solder and brazing alloys, electrical contacts and batteries. Silver paints are used for making printed circuits. The metal is used to make mirrors, as it is the best reflector of visible light known, although it does tarnish with time. |
| Test | - |
| Melting point in Kelvin | 1235.1 |
| Boiling point in Kelvin | 2485 |
| Density in kg/m3 | 10500 at 293K |
| Oxidation States | 0 +1 +2 +3 but mostly +1 |
| Electron Affinity in kJmol-1 | 125.7 |
| IE1 in kJmol-1 | 731 |
| IE2 in kJmol-1 | 2073 |
| IE3 in kJmol-1 | 3361 |
| IE4 in kJmol-1 | 5000 |
| IE5 in kJmol-1 | 6700 |
| IE6 in kJmol-1 | 8600 |
| IE7 in kJmol-1 | 11200 |
| IE8 in kJmol-1 | 13400 |
| IE9 in kJmol-1 | 15600 |
| IE10 in kJmol-1 | 18000 |
| Enthalpy of Fusion in kJmol-1 | 11.3 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation in kJmol-1 | 257.7 |