| NITROGEN | 7N |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Colourless odourless gas. |
| Discovery | 1772 by Daniel Rutherford in Edinburgh. However, at around the same time, Scheele, Cavendish, Priestley and others had been isolating it from air - by removing the oxygen- what they called 'burnt air' or 'dephlogisticated air'. |
| Electronic Configuration | simple: 2.5 and ADVANCED: 1s2 2s2 2p3 |
| Isotopes | 14N has an abundance of 99.63% and 15N has an abundance of 0.37%. Both isotopes are radioactively stable. |
| Source | Nitrogen makes up 70% of the by volume. It is obtained by fractional distillation of air. The air is cooled and compressed, and then allow it to slowly expand and boil, so that the fractions can be separated. |
| Common uses | Most nitrogen is used to make ammonia in the Haber process. That ammonia is then used to make fertilizers, explosives and range of other important products. Nitrogen gas is also used as a so-called 'blanketing medium' during the production of some electronic components. In other words it keeps out substances that would interfere with the processes. Nitrogen is used for annealing stainless steel and other steel mill products. It is used as a refrigerant, both for immersion freezing, for fast freezing food products, and for the transportation of food. Liquid nitrogen is used in cryogenics, and in the oil industry, to build up pressures, to force the oil from wells. |
| Test | - |
| Melting point in Kelvin | 63.29 |
| Boiling point in Kelvin | 77.4 |
| Density in kg/m3 | 1.25 act 273K |
| Oxidation States | -3, -2, -1, 0 +2 +3, +4 and +5 |
| Electron Affinity in kJmol-1 | -31 |
| IE1 in kJmol-1 | 1402.2 |
| IE2 in kJmol-1 | 2856.1 |
| IE3 in kJmol-1 | 4578.0 |
| IE4 in kJmol-1 | 7474.9 |
| IE5 in kJmol-1 | 9440.0 |
| IE6 in kJmol-1 | 53265.6 |
| IE7 in kJmol-1 | 64358.7 |
| Enthalpy of Fusion in kJmol-1 | 0.720 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation in kJmol-1 | 5.577 |
| Average bond energy kJmol-1 | N-H 390; N-N 160; N=N 415; N☰N 946 and N-Cl 193 |