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1. General Principles
states of matter
atomic structure
periodic table
formulae & equations
mole & conversions
empirical formulae
reacting amounts
percentage yield
atom economy
elements, comps mixtures
titrations
ionic bonding & structures
covalent bonding & structures
metallic bonding & structures
monatomic structures
electrolysis molten
electrolysis solution
hall-heroult cell
exam qu general
exam qu electrolysis
2. Inorg Chemistry
group 1
group 7
gases in atmosphere
reactivity series
extraction & uses of metals
oxidation & reduction
hall-heroult cell
acids, bases & neutralisation
salt preparations
chemical tests
exam questions
3. Physical Chemistry
energetics
rates of reaction
reversible reactions & equilibria
exam questions
4. Organic Chemistry
introduction
crude oil
alkanes
alkenes
alcohols
carboxylic acids
esters
synthetic polymers
exam questions
Earth
Using Earth’s resources
Formulations
Solubility graphs
RFM calculator
iQuizzes
flashcards
reactions
cation tests
anion tests
notes
exam papers
glossary
interactions
Data sheets
11-14
Y7: safety
Y8: History of PT
Y9: Atomic Structure
Ion & Bonding
Reaction Rates
Solubility
Earth’s Resources
Sustainability
Modern PT
Acids & Alkalis
R. Series
Exo and Endo
Air/Pollution
H2, O2 & CO2
Rusting
apparatus
matter
kinetic theory
elements
compounds
mixtures
separations
notes
Gen
Atomic structure
ionisation energy
first IE
successive IEs
spdf config
spdf applet
Mass Spectrometry
electro-magnetic
time of flight
tof calculations
tof calculator
sub atomic particles
iquiz atomic structure
iquiz ionisation energy
Exam Questions
Bonding
lewis diagrams
metallic
ionic
covalent
co-ordinate
Structures
introduction
giant ionic
giant metallic
giant covalent
simple covalent
monatomic
alloys
iquiz bonding structures
Shapes of molecules & ions
iquiz
Intermediate bonding
Electronegativity
Polarity
Polarising & polarisable
Charge density
Intermolecular forces
london dispersion
dipole-dipole
h-bonding
ion-dipole
Org
Mechanisms
methane + chlorine
ozone depletion
ethene + HBr
ethene + bromine
RCOCl + water
RCOCl + ethanol
RCOCl + amine
anhydride + water
anhydride + NH3
anhydride + ethanol
anhydride + amine
benzene nitration
benzene + Hal
benzene alk
benzene acyl
Using crude oil
Isomerism
exam questions
Alkanes
valency & catenation
terms & definitions
6 types of formula
formulae practice
nomenclature & isomerism
branched alkanes
practice nomenclature
combustion
radical substitution
exam questions
ALKENES
sigma & pi bonds
nomenclature & isomerism
dehydrating alcohols
hydration of alkenes
electrophilic addition
test for alkenes
exam questions
iquiz org intro
iquiz hydrocarbons
Alcohols
combustion
nomenclature
physical properties
industrial preparation
making haloalkane
alcohol from haloalkane
esterification
oxidation
cyclohexanol – cyclohexene
reaction with PCl5
reaction with CH3COCl
reaction with sodium
exam questions
Haloalkanes
nomenclature & isomerism
making C4H9Br
elimination reactions
physical properties
nucleophilic sub
rate of hydrolysis
ozone depletion
exam questions
iquiz alcohols haloalkanes
Polymers
classification
addition polymers
poly(ethene)
poly(propene)
poly(chloroethene)
poly(phenylethene)
PTFE
other addition polymers
polymer geometry
polymer disposal
altering polymers
iquiz add poly
condensation polymers
polyesters
polyamides
iquiz cond poly
polymer disposal
Organic Tests
carbon content
unsaturation
alcohols – prim/sec from tert
2,4-DNPH
aldehyde vs ketone
carboxylic acids
haloform test
solubility of organics
PCl5 test for OH
Carbonyls
nomenclature & isomerism
physical properties
preparation
testing for carbonyls
identification with 2,4-dnp
nucleophilic addition
iodoform test
exam questions
iquiz carbonyls
Carboxylic acids
nomenclature
properties
why weak acids
reactions
esterification
exam questions
Esters
nomenclature
hydrolysis
esters in fruit
physical properties
preparation & purification
fats and oils
transesterification
bad & better fats
iodine value
saponification value
exam questions
iquiz fats oils
Acylating agents
acyl chlorides
acid anhydrides
aspirin
parcetamol
exam questions
iquiz esters & deriv
Aromatic chemistry
benzene structure
nomenclature
electrophilic substitution
nitrobenzene preparation
methyl 3-nitrobenzoate preparation
phenol
phenylamine & diazonium chloride
coupling reactions
directing groups & phenol
benzoic acid recrystallisation.
exam questions
iquiz aromatic
Nitrogen organics
nomenclature & isomerism
amines
nomenclature
physical props
preparation
chemical props
amine id
exam questions
amides
nitriles
amino acids
proteins
fibrous & globular
iquiz proteins
iquiz – nitrogen organics
DNA
Aliphatic Synthesis
iquiz aliph syn
Aromatic Synthesis
iquiz arom syn
Grignard Reagents
Phy
Mole & conversions
ions, equations, formulae
formula mass
moles and mass
moles & gas volume
moles & concentration
moles & particles
empirical formulae
Reacting amounts
reacting masses
reacting solutions
reacting gas volumes
limiting reagents
percentage yield
atom economy
water of crystallisation
further questions
organic calculations
iquiz reacting masses
Titrations
standard solution
titration preparation
results table
max & % errors
titration calculations
water of crystallisation
back titrations
redox titrations
iquiz titrations
RedoxChemistry
redox reactions
half-equations
assigning oxidation numbers
balancing redox reactions
electrochemical series
redox titrations
Energetics
enthalpy & entropy
enthalpy level diagram
feasible reactions
calorimetry
bomb calorimeter
hess cycles
bond energies
feasible & spontaneous
iquiz energetics
Thermodynamics
born-haber cycles
caesium fluoride
magnesium bromide
sodium oxide
calcium oxide
enthalpy of solution
caesium iodide
barium sulfate
magnesium chloride
magnesium sulfate
silver iodide
calcium fluoride
qualitative aspects
entropy & entropy change
gibbs free energy change
iquiz thermodynamics
Kinetics 1
iquiz rates 1
collision theory
boltzmann distribution
find & expressing rate
exam questions
Kinetics 2
initial and continuous rates
introduction
rate equations and rate constants
rds & mechanisms
arrhenius equation
spreadsheet arrhenius
exam questions
iquiz rates 2
Equilibrium 1
le chatelier
Kc
Kp
Kc vs Kp
Kd
Ksp
iquiz le chatelier
iquiz kc kp
Equilibrium 2
acid-base theories
pH of strong acids & bases
pH of weak acids
buffer action
buffer pH
pH curves, indicators & hydrolysis
exam questions
iquiz acid-base ph
iquiz buffers curves
Electrochemistry
Electrochem Series
primary cells
exam questions
lithium-ion cells
exam questions
fuel cells
exam questions
coulombs, faraday & moles
nernst equation
link to thermodynamics
iquiz electrochem
Ideal Gas Equation
Instrumental analysis
Inor
Pd 3 physical trends
period 3 phy trends
Group 2
other reactions
limestone
titanium extraction
Group 7
displacement
disproportionation
test for halide ions
halides with c. sulfuric
more about chlorine
CFCs
iquiz periodicity 1
Exam questions – Groups 2 & 7
Pd 3 oxides & chlorides
structures of oxides & chlorides
elements with oxygen
elements with water
elements with chlorine
oxides with water
chlorides with water
exam questions
iquiz periodicity 2
D block & complexes
electronic config & origin of colour
tests for cations
terms and nomenclature
stereoisomers
types of catalysis
4 reaction types
acidity of complexes
copper complexes
chromium complexes
other complexes
manganese(II)
iron(II) iron(III)
cobalt(II)
nickel(II)
zinc(II) aluminium(III)
edta
occurrence & uses
redox aspects
exam questions
iquiz tms-complexes
Chemical tests
gases
cations
ammonium ions
cations of Mg, Al and Zn
iron(II) and iron(III)
copper(II) ions
P block
anion tests
carbonate & hydrogencarbonate
sulfate(VI) ions
halide ions
Ana
electromagnetic mass spectrometry
time of flight mass spectrometry
infrared spectrometry
proton nmr
c-13 nmr
chromatography
other instruments
exam question on instrumental analysis
iquiz instrum analy
iquiz practical inorg
iquiz practical org
iquiz practical phy
Rev
Exam papers
CIE
EDEXCEL
IAL
WJEC
AQA
CCEA
OCR
AP
Data Sheets
GCE EXAM QU
Don’t procrastinate
Flashcards 16+
Flashcards 14-16
iQuizzes 16+
iQuizzes 14-16
interactions
ChatGPT for Acechemistry
Mis
Charts
Periodic Table
carbon content
Arrhenius graph
Calculator
RFM calculator
Mass Spec calculator
Titration calculator
PV=nRT
pH of strong acids & bases
pH of weak acids
pH of acid buffers
Data
Formulae & Constants
Companion
Inorganic reactions
Inorganic tests
distillation techniques
organic purification
Images
Account page
GO FURTHER
GO FURTHER
Ace Chemistry
Main Menu
Admin
16+
14-16
1. General Principles
states of matter
atomic structure
periodic table
formulae & equations
mole & conversions
empirical formulae
reacting amounts
percentage yield
atom economy
elements, comps mixtures
titrations
ionic bonding & structures
covalent bonding & structures
metallic bonding & structures
monatomic structures
electrolysis molten
electrolysis solution
hall-heroult cell
exam qu general
exam qu electrolysis
2. Inorg Chemistry
group 1
group 7
gases in atmosphere
reactivity series
extraction & uses of metals
oxidation & reduction
hall-heroult cell
acids, bases & neutralisation
salt preparations
chemical tests
exam questions
3. Physical Chemistry
energetics
rates of reaction
reversible reactions & equilibria
exam questions
4. Organic Chemistry
introduction
crude oil
alkanes
alkenes
alcohols
carboxylic acids
esters
synthetic polymers
exam questions
Earth
Using Earth’s resources
Formulations
Solubility graphs
RFM calculator
iQuizzes
flashcards
reactions
cation tests
anion tests
notes
exam papers
glossary
interactions
Data sheets
11-14
Y7: safety
Y8: History of PT
Y9: Atomic Structure
Ion & Bonding
Reaction Rates
Solubility
Earth’s Resources
Sustainability
Modern PT
Acids & Alkalis
R. Series
Exo and Endo
Air/Pollution
H2, O2 & CO2
Rusting
apparatus
matter
kinetic theory
elements
compounds
mixtures
separations
notes
Gen
Atomic structure
ionisation energy
first IE
successive IEs
spdf config
spdf applet
Mass Spectrometry
electro-magnetic
time of flight
tof calculations
tof calculator
sub atomic particles
iquiz atomic structure
iquiz ionisation energy
Exam Questions
Bonding
lewis diagrams
metallic
ionic
covalent
co-ordinate
Structures
introduction
giant ionic
giant metallic
giant covalent
simple covalent
monatomic
alloys
iquiz bonding structures
Shapes of molecules & ions
iquiz
Intermediate bonding
Electronegativity
Polarity
Polarising & polarisable
Charge density
Intermolecular forces
london dispersion
dipole-dipole
h-bonding
ion-dipole
Org
Mechanisms
methane + chlorine
ozone depletion
ethene + HBr
ethene + bromine
RCOCl + water
RCOCl + ethanol
RCOCl + amine
anhydride + water
anhydride + NH3
anhydride + ethanol
anhydride + amine
benzene nitration
benzene + Hal
benzene alk
benzene acyl
Using crude oil
Isomerism
exam questions
Alkanes
valency & catenation
terms & definitions
6 types of formula
formulae practice
nomenclature & isomerism
branched alkanes
practice nomenclature
combustion
radical substitution
exam questions
ALKENES
sigma & pi bonds
nomenclature & isomerism
dehydrating alcohols
hydration of alkenes
electrophilic addition
test for alkenes
exam questions
iquiz org intro
iquiz hydrocarbons
Alcohols
combustion
nomenclature
physical properties
industrial preparation
making haloalkane
alcohol from haloalkane
esterification
oxidation
cyclohexanol – cyclohexene
reaction with PCl5
reaction with CH3COCl
reaction with sodium
exam questions
Haloalkanes
nomenclature & isomerism
making C4H9Br
elimination reactions
physical properties
nucleophilic sub
rate of hydrolysis
ozone depletion
exam questions
iquiz alcohols haloalkanes
Polymers
classification
addition polymers
poly(ethene)
poly(propene)
poly(chloroethene)
poly(phenylethene)
PTFE
other addition polymers
polymer geometry
polymer disposal
altering polymers
iquiz add poly
condensation polymers
polyesters
polyamides
iquiz cond poly
polymer disposal
Organic Tests
carbon content
unsaturation
alcohols – prim/sec from tert
2,4-DNPH
aldehyde vs ketone
carboxylic acids
haloform test
solubility of organics
PCl5 test for OH
Carbonyls
nomenclature & isomerism
physical properties
preparation
testing for carbonyls
identification with 2,4-dnp
nucleophilic addition
iodoform test
exam questions
iquiz carbonyls
Carboxylic acids
nomenclature
properties
why weak acids
reactions
esterification
exam questions
Esters
nomenclature
hydrolysis
esters in fruit
physical properties
preparation & purification
fats and oils
transesterification
bad & better fats
iodine value
saponification value
exam questions
iquiz fats oils
Acylating agents
acyl chlorides
acid anhydrides
aspirin
parcetamol
exam questions
iquiz esters & deriv
Aromatic chemistry
benzene structure
nomenclature
electrophilic substitution
nitrobenzene preparation
methyl 3-nitrobenzoate preparation
phenol
phenylamine & diazonium chloride
coupling reactions
directing groups & phenol
benzoic acid recrystallisation.
exam questions
iquiz aromatic
Nitrogen organics
nomenclature & isomerism
amines
nomenclature
physical props
preparation
chemical props
amine id
exam questions
amides
nitriles
amino acids
proteins
fibrous & globular
iquiz proteins
iquiz – nitrogen organics
DNA
Aliphatic Synthesis
iquiz aliph syn
Aromatic Synthesis
iquiz arom syn
Grignard Reagents
Phy
Mole & conversions
ions, equations, formulae
formula mass
moles and mass
moles & gas volume
moles & concentration
moles & particles
empirical formulae
Reacting amounts
reacting masses
reacting solutions
reacting gas volumes
limiting reagents
percentage yield
atom economy
water of crystallisation
further questions
organic calculations
iquiz reacting masses
Titrations
standard solution
titration preparation
results table
max & % errors
titration calculations
water of crystallisation
back titrations
redox titrations
iquiz titrations
RedoxChemistry
redox reactions
half-equations
assigning oxidation numbers
balancing redox reactions
electrochemical series
redox titrations
Energetics
enthalpy & entropy
enthalpy level diagram
feasible reactions
calorimetry
bomb calorimeter
hess cycles
bond energies
feasible & spontaneous
iquiz energetics
Thermodynamics
born-haber cycles
caesium fluoride
magnesium bromide
sodium oxide
calcium oxide
enthalpy of solution
caesium iodide
barium sulfate
magnesium chloride
magnesium sulfate
silver iodide
calcium fluoride
qualitative aspects
entropy & entropy change
gibbs free energy change
iquiz thermodynamics
Kinetics 1
iquiz rates 1
collision theory
boltzmann distribution
find & expressing rate
exam questions
Kinetics 2
initial and continuous rates
introduction
rate equations and rate constants
rds & mechanisms
arrhenius equation
spreadsheet arrhenius
exam questions
iquiz rates 2
Equilibrium 1
le chatelier
Kc
Kp
Kc vs Kp
Kd
Ksp
iquiz le chatelier
iquiz kc kp
Equilibrium 2
acid-base theories
pH of strong acids & bases
pH of weak acids
buffer action
buffer pH
pH curves, indicators & hydrolysis
exam questions
iquiz acid-base ph
iquiz buffers curves
Electrochemistry
Electrochem Series
primary cells
exam questions
lithium-ion cells
exam questions
fuel cells
exam questions
coulombs, faraday & moles
nernst equation
link to thermodynamics
iquiz electrochem
Ideal Gas Equation
Instrumental analysis
Inor
Pd 3 physical trends
period 3 phy trends
Group 2
other reactions
limestone
titanium extraction
Group 7
displacement
disproportionation
test for halide ions
halides with c. sulfuric
more about chlorine
CFCs
iquiz periodicity 1
Exam questions – Groups 2 & 7
Pd 3 oxides & chlorides
structures of oxides & chlorides
elements with oxygen
elements with water
elements with chlorine
oxides with water
chlorides with water
exam questions
iquiz periodicity 2
D block & complexes
electronic config & origin of colour
tests for cations
terms and nomenclature
stereoisomers
types of catalysis
4 reaction types
acidity of complexes
copper complexes
chromium complexes
other complexes
manganese(II)
iron(II) iron(III)
cobalt(II)
nickel(II)
zinc(II) aluminium(III)
edta
occurrence & uses
redox aspects
exam questions
iquiz tms-complexes
Chemical tests
gases
cations
ammonium ions
cations of Mg, Al and Zn
iron(II) and iron(III)
copper(II) ions
P block
anion tests
carbonate & hydrogencarbonate
sulfate(VI) ions
halide ions
Ana
electromagnetic mass spectrometry
time of flight mass spectrometry
infrared spectrometry
proton nmr
c-13 nmr
chromatography
other instruments
exam question on instrumental analysis
iquiz instrum analy
iquiz practical inorg
iquiz practical org
iquiz practical phy
Rev
Exam papers
CIE
EDEXCEL
IAL
WJEC
AQA
CCEA
OCR
AP
Data Sheets
GCE EXAM QU
Don’t procrastinate
Flashcards 16+
Flashcards 14-16
iQuizzes 16+
iQuizzes 14-16
interactions
ChatGPT for Acechemistry
Mis
Charts
Periodic Table
carbon content
Arrhenius graph
Calculator
RFM calculator
Mass Spec calculator
Titration calculator
PV=nRT
pH of strong acids & bases
pH of weak acids
pH of acid buffers
Data
Formulae & Constants
Companion
Inorganic reactions
Inorganic tests
distillation techniques
organic purification
Images
Account page
GO FURTHER
GO FURTHER
Carbocation
By
acecouk
/
17 August 2023
An organic ion in which a
carbon
atom has a positive charge.
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